Recombinant mouse/rat activin A protein (Qk012) Price range: £230.00 through £2,900.00View product
Recombinant mouse/rat activin A protein (Qk012)
Price range: £230.00 through £2,900.00
Activin A is a TGF-β family growth factor regulating embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune responses. Activin A is frequently used to maintain pluripotency in induced pluripotent and embryonic stem cell cultures. It is also used in many stem cell differentiation protocols, including endoderm lineage differentiation and further maturation into hepatocyte and pancreatic cells.
Recombinant mouse/rat activin A protein is a high-purity mature bioactive dimer of 26 kDa. It is animal origin-free (AOF), carrier protein-free, and tag-free to ensure its purity with exceptional lot-to-lot consistency.
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Easy world-wide ordering, direct or through our distributors.
Price range: £230.00 through £2,900.00
1000µg will be despatched as 2 x 500µg
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Summary:
- Bioactive mature domain of recombinant activin A protein, residues 311-426 (Uniprot: Q04998)
- 26 kDa (dimer)
>98%, by SDS-PAGE quantitative densitometry
Expressed in E. coli
Animal origin-free (AOF) and carrier protein-free
Manufactured in our Cambridge, UK laboratories
Lyophilized from acetonitrile, TFA
- Resuspend in 10 mM HCl (Reconstitution solution A) at >50 µg/ml, add carrier protein if desired, prepare single-use aliquots and store frozen at -20 °C (short-term) or -80 °C (long-term)
Featured applications:
Expansion of induced pluripotent, embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cell culture and maintenance
iPSC-derived mesoderm differentiation
Differentiation of iPSC into endoderm
Expansion and differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells
Frequently used together
Alternative proteins
Activin A activity was determined using the activin-responsive firefly luciferase reporter assay in transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Cells were treated in triplicate with a serial dilution of activin A. Firefly luciferase activity was measured and normalized. EC50 = 11.9 pM (309.4 pg/ml).
Activin A migrates as a single band at 24 kDa in non-reducing (NR) and 13 kDa as a single monomeric species upon reduction (R). No contaminating protein bands are visible. Purified recombinant protein (7 µg) was resolved using 15% w/v SDS-PAGE in reduced (+β-mercaptothanol, R) and non-reduced conditions (NR) and stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250.
Further quality assays
Mass spectrometry: single species with expected mass
Recovery from stock vial:Â >95%
Endotoxin: <0.005 EU/μg protein (below level of detection)
We are a company founded and run by scientists to provide a service and support innovation in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. All our products are exceptionally high purity, with complete characterisation and bioactivity analysis on every lot.
Protein background
Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily TGF-β family of growth factors [1–4]. It was first identified for its ability to stimulate the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland. It was later recognized as a multifunctional protein with diverse cellular effects [5, 6]. It plays crucial physiological roles in regulating embryonic development, cell proliferation, and differentiation [6, 7]. It promotes the patterning and differentiation of various organs, including the development of the mesoderm, neural, and reproductive systems. It is also involved in maintaining homeostasis, regulating immune responses, and wound healing [8]. Impaired activin A signaling has been associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis [9, 10]. As activin A can contribute to disease progression and severity, it is a growing area of research for promising therapeutic targets.
Activins are disulfide-linked homo- and heterodimers of four inhibin β chains [6]. The best-characterized are activin A and activin B, homodimers of inhibin βA and inhibin βB, respectively. Like all other members of the TGF-β family, activins are synthesized as significant precursors consisting of an N-terminal signal peptide, a pro-domain of 250–350 residues, and a highly conserved mature domain. The pro-domain, which is cleaved off in the mature protein, has essential roles in the biosynthesis, stabilization, transportation and signaling of the growth factors in the body [11]. Activin A binds to activin type I (ALK4 or ALK7) and type II (ActRIIA or ActRIIB) receptors [6, 12]. The type II receptor phosphorylates the type I receptor upon ligand binding, initiating downstream signaling cascades, mainly through the SMAD family of proteins. Activated SMAD complexes translocate into the nucleus, regulating the transcription of target genes involved in various cellular processes. In vivo, the high-affinity inhibitor follistatin and inhibins tightly regulate activin A activity in a feedback loop [13, 14]. Follistatin is secreted into the media during stem cell culture. However, the impact on the efficiency of stem cell differentiation and cellular homogeneity has not been studied closely (see this discussion for more information).
Activin A is frequently used for the maintenance of pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cell lines along with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) [2, 4]. Activin A is also used in various stem cell differentiation protocols. It directs the differentiation into definitive endoderm, precursor to different cell types such as pancreatic and liver cells [15–18]. Activin A also promotes neural precursor cells and drives astrocytic differentiation with Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) [19]. Moreover, activin A is also involved in mesodermal differentiation to derive muscle, bone, and blood cells. Finally, activin A is often used for the development and maintenance of organoids [18, 20, 21].
Mouse activin A has 100% homology to rat, human, porcine and bovine proteins.
Additional resources
Our products are for research use only and not for diagnostic or therapeutic use. Products are not for resale.
For use in manufacturing of cellular or gene therapy products. Not intended for in vivo applications.
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