Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (also known as VEGF₁₆₅/ VEGF-165/ VEGF-A/ VEGF165) protein is widely used in culturing primary endothelial cells, such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells.VEGF165 is commonly used with human-induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells-derived endothelial cells for developing human vascular tissue models. It has many applications including its use in neural research involving oligodendrocyte precursor cells, Schwann cells, astrocytes, and microglia. It plays a role in bone formation, regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, and serves as a survival factor for chondrocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, and tumor cells.Qkine recombinant human VEGF165 protein is a highly pure and potent 38 kDa homodimer, disulfide-linked consisting of two 165 amino acid polypeptide chains. It is an animal origin free (AOF) and carrier protein-free (CF) isoform of VEGF for high efficiency.